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《明宣府镇城的建置及其演变＊》

　　　　　Ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔ　ａｎｄ　Ｅｖｏｌｖｅｍｅｎｔ　ｏｆ　Ｘｕａｎｆｕ－Ｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ
作　　者：王琳峰 张玉坤
　　　　　（Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ　ｏｆ　Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ，Ｔｉａｎｊｉｎ　Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，ＴｉａｎＪｉｎ　３０００７２，Ｃｈｉｎａ）
出　　处：史学月刊 2010年第11期
发表时间：2010-00-00
分 类 号：Ｋ２４８
文　　摘：
以明代宣府镇城为例，研究明长城“九边”防御体系中最高级别的防御设施镇城的建置、功能及演变。依据历史资料推测出宣府镇城的空间功能构成图，还原其历史空间。从其最初建置、战略选址、功能构成、形态演变和精神层面等角度进行解析：宣府镇城的建制及演变受到自然条件、边防形势、经济生活以及礼法与社会观念等因素的共同影响。从防御效果看，“固若金汤”依靠的不仅仅是防御体系的设置和防御设施的构筑，还需要考虑军事实力、防御战、人心向背等诸多因素。
关 键 词：明朝 宣府镇城 建置 演变 影响因素
正　　文：
　　明长城沿线的“九边”重镇，从军事层面上看，是“九边”重镇的设置及各镇的层级组织机构；从物质层面上看，是具有严密层级的依托长城及其沿线聚落的军事防御工程设施。长城沿线军事聚落在北边资源供给、兵力调配上的作用和重要性远大于长城墙体。从整体角 ……
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参考文献：
参考文献：
＊ 本文系国家自然科学基金项目“明长城军事防御性聚落与防御体系基础性研究”（项目号５０５７８１０５）、教育部博士学科点专项科研基金“中国传统防御性聚落基础研究”（项目号２００７００５６０５３）的阶段成果。
以明长城为主的军事制度类论述，主要有谭其骧的《释明代都司卫所制度》（《禹贡》１９３５年７月第３卷第１０期，收入氏著《长水集》，人民出版社１９９４年版）、南炳
文的《明初军制初探》（《南开史学》１９８３年第１、２期）、马楚坚的《明清边政与治乱》（天津人民出版社１９８４年版）、〔日〕山崎清一的《明代兵制的研究》（《历史学研究》９４号，１９４１年）、华夏子的《明长城考实》（档案出版社１９８８年版）、余同元的《明代九边论述》（《安徽师范大学学报》１９８９年第２期）、李荣庆的《明代武职袭替制度述论》（《郑州大学学报》１９９０年第１期）、李长弓的《明代驿传役研究》（博士学位论文）（厦门大学人文学院历史学系１９９１年）、罗东阳的《明代兵备初探》
（《东北师大学报》１９９４年第１期）、靳润成的《明朝总督巡抚辖区研究》（天津古籍出版社１９９６年版）、肖立军的《明代中后期九边兵制研究》（吉林人民出版社
２００１年版）、董耀会的《瓦合集———长城研究文论》（科学出版社２００４年版）、郭红和于翠艳的《明代都司卫所制度与军管型政区》（《军事历史研究》２００４年第４期）、于墨颖的《明蒙关系研究———以明蒙双边政策及明朝对蒙古的防御为中心》（博士学位论文）（内蒙古大学民族学与社会学学院２００４年）、赵现海的《明代九边军镇体制研究》（博士学位论文）（东北师范大学明清史研究所２００５年）等。军屯边垦和互市贸易类文章，主要有朱庆永的《明代九边军饷》（《大公报》，１９３５年９月８日，“经济周刊”）、李龙潜的《明代军屯制度的组织形式》（《历史教学》１９６２年第１２期）、王毓铨的《明代的军屯》（中华书局１９６５年版）、全汉昇的《明代北边米粮价格的变动》（香港《新亚学报》１９７０年第９卷第２期）、李三谋的《明代边防与边垦》（《中国边疆史地研
究》１９９５年第４期）、张萍的《明代陕北蒙汉边界区军事城镇的商业化》（《民族研究》２００３年第６期）等。人口变迁与文化演变类文章，主要有余同元的《明代长城文化带形成与演变》（《烟台大学学报》１９９０ 年第３期）、郭红的《明代卫所移民与地域文化的变迁》（《中国历史地理论丛》２００３年第２期）等。
②自然地理类的论述，主要有顾琳的《明清时期榆林城遭受流沙侵袭的历史记录及其原因的初步分析》（《中国历史地理论丛》２００３年第４期）等。人文地理方面的论述主要有史念海的《西北地区诸长城的分布及其历史军事地理》（《中国历史地理论丛》１９９４年第３辑）等。
③长城及设防聚落的研究成果，多集中于对远古时期的研究，如严文明的《中国环壕聚落的演变》（《国学研究》第２卷，北京大学出版社１９９４年版）、刘辉的《史前聚落与考古遗址》（《东南文化》２０００年第５期）、钱耀鹏的《中国史前防御设施的社会意义考察》（《华夏考古》２００３年第３期）等。
④罗哲文：《长城》，北京出版社１９８２年版；《失去的建筑》，中国建筑工业出版社2002年版。
⑤《中国军事史》编写组：《中国军事史》第６卷（兵垒），解放军出版社１９９１年版。
⑥长城军事聚落研究的相关论文，主要有李严的《榆林地区明长城军事堡寨聚落研究》（硕士学位论文）（天津大学建筑学院２００４年）、李哲的《山西省雁北地区明代军事防御性聚落探析》（硕士学位论文）（天津大学建筑学院２００５年）、倪晶的《明宣府镇长城军事堡寨聚落研究》（硕士学位论文）（天津大学建筑学院２００５年）、张曦沐的《明长城居庸关研究》（硕士学位论文）（天津大学建筑学院２００５年）、李贞娥的《长城山西镇段沿线明代城堡建筑研究》（硕士学位论文）（清华大学建筑学院２００５年）、李严的《明长城“九边”重镇军事防御性聚落研究》（博士学位论文）（天津大学建筑学院２００７年）、
薛原的《资源、经济角度下明代长城沿线军事聚落变迁研究》（硕士学位论文）（天津大学建筑学院２００７年）、吴晶晶的《陕西高家堡古镇空间形态演进及其用地结构研究》（硕士学位论文）（西安建筑科技大学建筑学院２００８年）以及陈喆、董明晋、戴俭的《北京地区长城沿线戍边城堡形态特征与保护策略探析》（《建筑学报》２００８年第３期）等。

①杨时宁编：《宣大山西三镇图说》，玄览堂丛书本，江苏广陵古籍刻印社１９８６年版。
②申时行、赵用贤等纂修：《大明会典》卷一二六《镇戍一》，明万历十五年修，全国图书馆文献缩微中心，２００１年。

①杨润平：《明宣府镇的长城防务》，《张家口职业技术学院学报》２０００年第１１期。
②④　宣化县地方志编撰委员会：《宣化县志》，河北人民出版社１９９３年版，第１１～１２、１１～１３页。
③霍冀：《九边图说》，于默颖、薄音湖：《明代蒙古汉籍史料汇编》第２辑，内蒙古大学出版社２００７年版，第３５页。
⑤陈韶旭、薛志清：《明朝中前期宣府镇在北部边疆的重要地位和作用》，《河北北方学院学报》２００６年第５期。
⑥程道生：《九边图考•宣府》，民国８年石印本，第３３页。
⑦郭璞：《古本葬经•内篇》卷一，《津逮秘书》第４集，上海博古斋民国１１年版。

①王娟、王军：《中国古代农耕社会村落选址及其风水景观模式》，《西安建筑科技大学学报》２００５年第３期。
②孙世芳纂修：《宣府镇志》，明嘉靖本，新修方志丛刊，台北，学生书局１９６９年影印，第７５页。
③李筌：《神机制敌太白阴经》卷二《人谋下•地势篇第十九》，丛书集成初编本。
④王其亨：《风水理论研究》，天津大学出版社２００５年版，第３８页图１。
⑤顾祖禹撰，贺次君、施和金点校：《读史方舆纪要》卷一八《北直九》，中国古代地理总志丛刊，中华书局２００５年版。
⑥于谦：《少保于公奏议》卷一《北伐类•兵部为边务事》，丛书集成续编本。
⑦陈坦纂修：《宣化县志》，清康熙五十年刻本，全国图书馆文献缩微中心，１９９０年。
⑧陈继曾、陈时隽、郭维城修纂：《宣化县新志》，民国１１年铅印本，新修方志丛刊，台北，学生书局１９６７年影印。

①２００９年１月，作者于宣化古城调研时，拍摄“宣化古城旅游景区导览图”，并据此绘制图６“宣化古城现存景点分布图”。
②王毓铨：《明代的军屯》，中华书局２００９年再版本，第１８６～１８７页。
③孙世芳纂修：《宣府镇志》，第７５页。

①宣化县地方志编撰委员会：《宣化县志》，第１２页。
②狄志惠：《京西第一府———宣化》，《城乡建设》２００７年第４期。

①镇国府位置的确定，参考了张连仲《宣化皇城溯源》
（http://php.ynety.cn/news/news_more.asp?lm2=102,2008-10-11/2008-12-09）一文。
②孙世芳纂修：《宣府镇志》，第８９页。

①由于无从找到明代宣府城池图，此图以清代《宣化府志》中的“宣府城郭图”为底本，并结合文献资料记载绘制而成，以揭示寺庙存在的相对位置和数目。
②明代宣府镇志中记载的寺庙、祭祀建筑的数目多于图９中所标示的数目。
③⑤　孙世芳纂修：《宣府镇志》，第１６６、１０８页。
④陈韶旭、薛志清：《明朝中前期宣府镇在北部边疆的重要地位和作用》。
⑤陈韶旭、王凯东、冶治江：《明朝政府对宣府地方经济的扶植政策及影响》，《张家口师专学报》２００３年第５期。

①孙世芳纂修：《宣府镇志》，第８９页。
②刘景纯：《宣德至万历年间蒙古诸部侵扰九边的时间分布与地域变迁》，《中国边疆史地研究》2009年第6期。
③《明武宗实录》卷一一四，正德九年七月乙丑，台北，中研院历史语言研究所1962年影校本。
④《明英宗实录》卷一八一，正统十四年八月庚戌，台北，中研院历史语言研究所1962年影校本。
⑤古城春晓：《李自成智取宣府》，《张家口晚报》，2008年10月27日，第Ａ１６版。
⑥李筌：《神机制敌太白阴经》卷二《人谋下•地势篇第十九》。
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L_int間ration r間uli鑢e de ces aliments dans une alimentation 閝uilibr閑, combin閑 � un mode
de vie actif, peut contribuer � maintenir des niveaux hormonaux optimaux et soutenir la
vitalit� globale. _ Le ginseng, la racine de maca et le fenugrec,
reconnus dans la phytoth閞apie pour leurs effets sur la libido, l_endurance et
l_閝uilibre hormonal. D_un level de vue hormonal,
un exc鑣 chronique peut entra頽er une gyn閏omastie (d関eloppement anormal du tissu mammaire chez l_homme), en raison de la conversion extreme de
la testost閞one en _strog鑞es (aromatisation). On observe
aussi des troubles h閜atiques, une hypertension art閞ielle,
des c閜hal閑s, des vertiges, et dans certains cas, une aggravation de l_apn閑 du sommeil chez les sujets pr閐ispos閟.
Enfin, la r閜onse au compl閙ent d閜end aussi de l_鈍e,
du niveau preliminary de testost閞one, et du mode de vie.

� cette formule s_ajoutent le fenugrec, reconnu pour son r鬺e traditionnel
dans la vitalit� masculine et la drive physique, ainsi que le gingembre, souvent utilis� pour ses effets sur la digestion,
l_閚ergie et la circulation. Enfin, le poivre noir, standardis� en pip閞ine, est int間r� pour optimiser l_absorption des actifs et renforcer leur biodisponibilit�.
Utilis� depuis des si鑓les dans les m閐ecines traditionnelles, il est aujourd_hui reconnu pour son impression positif
sur la testost閞one libre, la libido et la vitalit� globale.
La testost閞one agit directement pour stimuler la croissance musculaire, c_est
pourquoi on dit qu_elle un st閞o飀e anabolisant.
C_est probablement le moins connu des composants de compl閙ents
alimentaires. Mais d閠rompez-vous automotive le fenugrec (et en particulier, sa graine) est
un composant couramment utilis� dans les m閐icaments � base de plantes.

Il y a 間alement des ideas que cet acide amin� peut augmenter les niveaux d_hormone de croissance humaine, qui peut 阾re incroyablement salutaire quand
il s_agit de construire du muscle plut魌 que de la graisse.
Il est 間alement recommand� de consulter un professionnel de la
sant�, tel qu_un m閐ecin ou un nutritionniste, pour obtenir
des conseils personnalis閟 et adapt閟 � vos besoins sp閏ifiques.

Ils pourront vous aider � 閘aborer un plan d_entra頽ement et
de nutrition appropri�, en prenant en compte votre condition physique,
vos objectifs et votre niveau d_exp閞ience.
Il est essentiel de choisir des sources transparentes pour 関iter les probl鑝es.
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Vous obtiendrez gratuitement avec votre achat les guides
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Commander de la testost閞one injectable ou du gel androg鑞e by way
of Web sans ordonnance expose � des risques multiples, aussi bien l間aux que sanitaires.
Les produits achet閟 by way of des plateformes non habilit閑s peuvent
contenir des substances mal dos閑s ou contamin閑s.
D閏ouvrez Performer eight, un compl閙ent alimentaire efficace pour les hommes qui
souhaitent booster leur sexualit� sans avoir recours � des m閐icaments.

Certains soup鏾nnent l_usage ill間itime de testost閞one chez des athl鑤es.
Il faut voir au-del� des controverses sur la notion de la testost閞one dans la
soci閠�. On peut changer les normes sociales concernant la testost閞one en 閐uquant mieux.

Un apport suffisant en prot閕nes, lipides sains, zinc, magn閟ium, vitamines
B, D et K2 est indispensable au bon fonctionnement de l_axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-testiculaire.
� l_inverse, l_alcool et certains compos閟 du houblon pr閟ents dans la bi鑢e peuvent interf閞er avec la synth鑣e hormonale.

En cas de doute, un accompagnement di閠閠ique personnalis� peut 阾re
utile pour adapter ses apports � ses besoins.
Parler de prescription testost閞one et du traitement hormonal pour hommes c_est entrer
dans un monde r鑗lement�.
Le manque de sommeil chronique est associ� � une
baisse significative du taux de testost閞one d鑣 quelques jours.

Enfin, m阭e s_ils sont en vente libre, il reste prudent de consulter un professionnel de sant� en cas de doute ou de
sympt鬽es persistants. C_est un soutien world pour les hommes qui veulent rester en forme,
se sentir mieux dans leur corps et dans leur t阾e, et retrouver une 閚ergie align閑 avec leurs envies.

Cet ingr閐ient populaire du curry est connu pour sa capacit� � stimuler la libido masculine et aider � normaliser les niveaux d_hormones.
Sur le web, de nombreuses boutiques en ligne sont sp閏ialis閑s dans les compl閙ents alimentaires et st閞o飀es d閐i閟 � la pratique de la musculation, ou d_autres sports activities.
Testogel peut interagir avec d_autres m閐icaments, tels que
les anticoagulants ou l_insuline. Informez votre m閐ecin de tous les traitements
que vous prenez, y compris ceux disponibles
sans ordonnance. La testost閞one est souvent mal vue �
cause de ses liens avec les comportements "virils".
Il faut comprendre remark l_閐ucation peut nous aider � g閞er cette hormone et ses effets sur notre comportement.


C_est d_ailleurs une condition essentielle pour assurer la r間ulation et un meilleur fonctionnement des organes et autres hormones.

Le s閘閚ium en est un glorious contributeur gr鈉e � son r鬺e d閠oxifiant.
Les acides amin閟 assurent diff閞entes fonctions importantes dans notre organisme, dont
la manufacturing de testost閞one. L_acide aspartique D
est un acide amin� aux multiples vertus th閞apeutiques, assurant ainsi la multiplication des hormones de testost閞one.
Cet ingr閐ient aidera les enzymes � d閏omposer les aliments et autres extraits.
Lorsqu_il est combin� avec du magn閟ium, il peut
間alement stimuler la production de la testost閞one. Si vous avez une
carence en zinc dans votre corps; cela peut conduire � de faibles taux d_hormones androg鑞es.

Les sportifs souffrant de cette d閒icience risquent de
voir une diminution significative de leurs performances athl閠iques.
L_ironie est qu_un entra頽ement intense produit
peu d_effets positifs si le corps est d閒icient en cette hormone.
Il est bon de rappeler que les cons閝uences peuvent varier d_une personne � l_autre et que certaines personnes peuvent ne pas pr閟enter de cons閝uences malgr� un taux de testost閞one trop bas.


References:


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ε•�㡕Ɠ��?ķѻ?� -- [未验证] Earle (2025-07-29 01:22:14)
The Fascinating World of Giantess Fetishes
and Female Dominance: A Deep Dive into Power Dynamics and Fantasy

**Introduction**

In the vast realm of niche fetishes, one that has intrigued and captivated many is the *giantess fetish*.

This fantasy centers on women who are portrayed as being giants, often in scenarios involving intense power dynamics.
Female dominance plays a central role in this fetish, as the larger-than-life women are often seen as
powerful, authoritative, and in control. Whether through storytelling,
visual art, or roleplay, the giantess fetish brings
fantasies of size, strength, and dominance to life in unique
and sometimes intense ways.

This article explores the psychology, symbolism,
and cultural impact of the *giantess fetish*, how it relates to themes of *female dominance*, and
why these fantasies have gained popularity
over time.

### Understanding the Giantess Fetish

A *giantess fetish* typically involves sexual arousal
from the concept of women being much larger than men (or even entire environments).
In these fantasies, the woman is often depicted as towering over the man, with an aura of immense strength and power.
This could be in the form of women towering over cities,
engaging in playful or dominating interactions, or simply being portrayed as larger-than-life figures.


The appeal of giantess fantasies lies largely in the
juxtaposition of size and power dynamics. The larger woman, being in a position of control,
challenges traditional power roles and often emphasizes the submissive position of the man. This gender reversal taps
into deep-seated psychological fantasies of control, vulnerability, and submission.

### The Role of Female Dominance

At the core of many giantess fantasies is the theme of
*female dominance*. This aspect connects with the growing interest
in female empowerment and dominance in broader sexual
subcultures. Female dominance can be understood as a power dynamic where the woman assumes
an authoritative, controlling role. In the context of giantess fantasies, this power is magnified by the woman’s sheer size and strength, creating an environment where she can command
and dominate the smaller, more vulnerable male.



Many individuals find the idea of a strong, assertive woman highly arousing, and the giantess
fetish offers a particularly exaggerated expression of this fantasy.

For some, this dynamic represents a form of *empowerment*, where the woman is liberated from
traditional gender roles and takes center stage as a force of power and control.



### Giantess Fetish: Power, Vulnerability, and Control

The attraction to the giantess fantasy is not merely about size; it’s
about the intense role reversal and the shift
in power. For some, the idea of being overwhelmed or
“crushed" by a towering woman taps into deeper fantasies of vulnerability and surrender.
The size difference creates a psychological environment where the person experiencing the fantasy feels small and powerless in the presence of
someone much more dominant.

This *vulnerability* can be both erotic and freeing. In many ways,
it’s not just about the size of the woman, but about the *intensity* of the
situation. The larger woman represents authority, strength, and a sense of dominance
that can create feelings of both awe and submission.

### Psychological Underpinnings of the Giantess Fetish

Several psychological factors may contribute
to the allure of the *giantess fetish*. Here are a
few theories:

1. **Size and Symbolism of Power**: Historically, power dynamics are often linked to size and strength.

The larger figure has the advantage, both physically and symbolically.
This taps into the primal notion that bigger animals or figures hold power in nature.


2. **Role Reversal and Escape from Norms**: In a world where gender roles can often be rigid,
the giantess fetish allows for a playful escape from these conventions.

It flips traditional power structures, offering a space
where men can experience submission, while women can explore dominant roles without societal restrictions.


3. **Intimacy and Protection**: Some individuals find that the idea of a
powerful woman is not just about dominance but also about a deep, protective force.
The towering woman can embody both control
and care, creating a complex dynamic that blends affection with power.


4. **Exaggerated Femininity**: The giantess is often portrayed as the epitome of femininity—curvy, graceful, and imposing.
This exaggerated femininity appeals to those who find themselves
drawn to strong yet traditionally "feminine" figures.
The fantasy allows for an intense exploration of
the boundaries between strength and sensuality.

### Cultural Influence and Media Depictions

Giantess fetishes, while
niche, have gained significant visibility through
various forms of media. Comics, animation, and video games often feature larger-than-life women, sometimes as villains or as powerful protagonists.
This depiction allows fans to immerse themselves in a world where women hold the upper hand and where size and
strength are idealized.

In mainstream cinema and entertainment, films like *Attack on Titan* or *The Incredibles* have
also featured giantess-like characters, although they are not always
sexualized. These portrayals, while more family-friendly, still
offer a glimpse into the appeal of size and power dynamics,
which fans may later adapt into their own personal fantasies.


### How to Safely Explore Giantess Fetishes and Female Dominance

As with any niche fetish or sexual interest, it is essential to engage in these fantasies in a
safe, consensual, and respectful manner. Communication with partners is key,
as is ensuring that everyone involved is comfortable and respectful of boundaries.

Exploring fantasies in a healthy and consensual way allows individuals to enjoy their interests without harm
or discomfort.

Many people explore these fantasies in online communities or through roleplaying in private spaces,
using digital media like artwork, videos, or
virtual role-playing games. In these spaces, fans can immerse themselves in the
world of giantess fantasies, without judgment or stigma.


### Conclusion

The *giantess fetish* and themes of *female dominance* offer
an intriguing exploration of power dynamics, vulnerability,
and sexual attraction. By tapping into fantasies of size and control,
individuals can experience role reversals that challenge traditional norms and explore deeply
embedded psychological desires. Whether through art,
storytelling, or roleplay, the giantess fetish allows for a unique and potent
expression of strength, power, and submission.

As with any fetish or sexual preference, understanding and respect for boundaries are essential.

By cultivating healthy relationships and open communication, those with a giantess fetish can enjoy this fantasy in a safe and consensual environment.



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